This study provides a cross-analysis of the social and macroeconomic challenges facing Sri Lanka and is based on five sections. The first section addresses the socio-political context. In the second section, the growth model of Sri Lanka’s economy is analysed. The third section subsequently focuses on the issues of public finances. The fourth section is devoted to trends in the country’s external balance and highlights recent tensions. Finally, the analysis is completed in the fifth and final section with a presentation of Sri Lanka’s financial system.